{"id":19100,"date":"2025-07-07T13:55:59","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T05:55:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/?p=19100"},"modified":"2025-07-07T13:59:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T05:59:35","slug":"technical-tips-how-to-install-non-free-packages-on-debian12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/technical-tips\/technical-tips-how-to-install-non-free-packages-on-debian12\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Install Non-Free Packages on Debian12"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Debian is a widely used Linux distribution that prioritizes free and open-source software. However, some users need non-free packages, such as proprietary drivers or firmware, to get their hardware fully working.<br>In this guide, we\u2019ll walk through the correct and safe way to enable non-free repositories and install non-free packages, using su to switch to the root user (instead of sudo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Are Non-Free Packages?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNon-free\u201d in Debian refers to software that does not comply with the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). These packages may be required for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proprietary Wi-Fi or Ethernet drivers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GPU drivers (e.g., NVIDIA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Firmware for wireless cards or Bluetooth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Multimedia codecs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"How to Install Non-Free Packages on Debian12\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bh0Vi30kugM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 1: Switch to the Root User<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Debian does not include sudo by default on all systems. If sudo is not available or doesn&#8217;t work, you should switch to the root account using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>su<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then enter the root password when prompted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 2: Edit the sources.list File<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Once you&#8217;re logged in as root, open the APT source list using an editor. If nano works on your system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>nano \/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 3: Add contrib, non-free, and non-free-firmware<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify each line to include the following components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>contrib non-free non-free-firmware<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, change this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>deb http:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian bookworm main<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>deb http:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian bookworm main&nbsp;<strong>contrib non-free non-free-firmware<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 4: Update the Package List<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Still as root, run:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>apt update<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This refreshes your package index so it can find non-free packages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 5: Install a Non-Free Package<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that non-free repositories are enabled, you can install packages such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>apt install firmware-realtek<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);background-color:#f9f9f9;color:#f9f9f9\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"EB-3362-L2C2_article\" class=\"wp-image-17509\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-768x769.png 768w, https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-600x601.png 600w, https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article-64x64.png 64w, https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EB-3362-L2C2_article.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><strong>Main features of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/product\/eb-3362-l2c2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">EB-3362-L2C2<\/mark><\/a>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DM&amp;P 32\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8x86 Vortex86DX3\u30c7\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30a21.0GHz SoC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2GB DDR3-1600MHz\u30aa\u30f3\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SD\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u30b9\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u00d71(SD\u3001SDXC)\u30011GbpsLAN\u00d71\u300110\/100Mbps LAN\u00d71\u3001USB\u00d74(\u524d\u9762\u00d72\u3001\u80cc\u9762\u00d71\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u00d71)\u3001\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u51fa\u529b\u00d71\u3001RS-232\u00d72<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\u30aa\u30f3\u5bfe\u5fdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PXE\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af\u30ec\u30b9\u30d6\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC +8V ~ +24V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\uff1a 0~+60\u00b0C<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);background-color:#f9f9f9;color:#f9f9f9\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a73\u7d30\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u3054\u8acb\u6c42\u306f\u3001\u4e0b\u8a18\u307e\u3067\u304a\u9858\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">\u00a0<\/mark><a href=\"mailto:info@icop.com.tw\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">info@icop.com.tw<\/mark><\/a><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">,<\/mark> call your nearest<mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">\u00a0<\/mark><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icop.com.tw\/branches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">ICOP\u652f\u5e97\u306b<\/mark><\/a><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">,<\/mark> or contact our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icop.com.tw\/distributors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">Worldwide Official Distributor<\/mark>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Debian is a widely used Linux distribution that prioritizes free and open-source software. However, some users need non-free packages, such as proprietary drivers or firmware, to get their hardware fully working.In this guide, we\u2019ll walk through the correct and safe way to enable non-free repositories and install non-free packages, using [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":215,"featured_media":19101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[314,354,278,353],"class_list":["post-19100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-tips","tag-debian","tag-eb-3362-l2c2","tag-ebox-mini-pc","tag-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/215"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19100\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icop-shop.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}